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Recently, Wu Yihui, a researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences' Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, has introduced an innovative biosensor based on fiber-optic mode coupling. This non-standard ultra-high sensitivity biosensor leverages the unique properties of fiber couplers to detect biomarkers with unprecedented precision, making it a promising tool in early disease diagnosis, particularly for conditions like cancer.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical and rapidly progressing condition that poses a severe threat to human health. Early detection and risk assessment are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates. Among the key biomarkers for AMI, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) stands out due to its high specificity and sensitivity. It is exclusively found in heart muscle cells and is released into the bloodstream shortly after a heart attack. However, the concentration of cTnI during the early stages of AMI is extremely low, making accurate and timely detection a significant challenge in clinical practice.
Building upon previous research in optical fiber biosensors, Wu Yihui's team developed a novel sensor based on a fiber coupler structure. The sensor utilizes the interference between odd and even modes within the fiber coupler. At a specific refractive index, the system reaches a turning point where dispersion becomes zero, theoretically leading to infinite sensitivity. In their experiments, the researchers achieved a refractive index sensitivity of 91,777.9 nm/RIU and a detection limit of 2 fg/mL for cTnI—setting a new benchmark in the field. The sensor also demonstrated excellent specificity and reproducibility, which are essential for real-world applications.
This groundbreaking research was published in *Biosensors and Bioelectronics*, highlighting its potential impact in the field of medical diagnostics. The study was supported by several key funding programs, including the China-Israel National International Science and Technology Cooperation Project, the National Natural Science Foundation's Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project, and the National Natural Science Youth Fund.
The paper includes detailed figures illustrating the design and performance of the sensor. Figure 1 shows the schematic layout of the fiber coupler sensor and the theoretical sensitivity curves under different fiber diameters. Figure 2 presents experimental data, including spectral responses for various cTnI concentrations, peak shifts, real-time dynamic measurements, and comparisons of specificity against non-specific proteins.
This advancement represents a major step forward in biosensing technology, offering a highly sensitive, reliable, and practical solution for early disease detection.
September 26, 2025