Determination of heavy metals in food by AA-1800 atomic absorption spectrometry - Master's thesis - Dissertation

Determination of Heavy Metals in Food by AA-1800 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Atomic absorption spectrometry has become a widely used technique for detecting heavy metals in food due to its high sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency. This method is particularly effective in analyzing elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). These metals are commonly found in various food products, including grains, vegetables, seafood, and beverages. Their presence poses serious health risks, as they can accumulate in the human body over time and cause damage to multiple organs and systems. The AA-1800 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer is an advanced tool that offers reliable results in determining the concentration of these harmful substances. It uses different techniques such as flame atomic absorption (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAAS), and hydride generation atomic absorption (HGAAS) depending on the type of metal and sample matrix. Each method has its own advantages and limitations, which must be considered when selecting the most appropriate approach for a specific analysis. In recent years, research has focused on improving detection methods and ensuring compliance with international standards. For example, the European Union sets strict limits on the levels of heavy metals in food, such as a maximum of 0.5 mg/kg for mercury in fish. Techniques like microwave digestion, solid-phase extraction, and cloud point extraction have been developed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of measurements. Studies have shown that heavy metals often originate from environmental sources such as soil contamination, water pollution, and industrial activities. These contaminants can enter the food chain through crops, livestock, and aquatic organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and regulate their presence in food products to protect public health. Future developments in this field will likely involve integrating atomic absorption spectroscopy with other analytical techniques to improve detection speed and precision. Continued research and standardization efforts will also play a key role in ensuring the safety of food supplies worldwide.