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A groundbreaking discovery has recently been made in the field of neuroscience, revealing a unique gene associated with human brain development—laminin gamma 3 (LAMC3). This gene plays a crucial role in shaping the characteristics of the cerebral cortex and may hold the key to understanding how brain folds form. The research, conducted by scientists from Yale University and institutions in Turkey, was inspired by a Turkish patient who exhibited an unusual lack of brain folds. The cerebral cortex, known for controlling emotions, instincts, and short-term memory, is characterized by its folded structure. These folds are most prominent in humans and some large animals like dolphins and marmosets. They increase the surface area of the brain, allowing for more complex thought processes. However, the mechanism behind this folding remained a mystery until now. According to Professor Murat Gunel of Yale University, the LAMC3 gene is active during the embryonic stage, which is critical for the development of dendrites and synapses. While this gene is present in organisms like mice that have flat brains, it evolved over time in humans, giving rise to the complex folds seen in the human brain. This genetic variation is believed to be responsible for the distinct structure of the human occipital cortex. This discovery could significantly impact ongoing projects such as the "Human Brain Project," which aims to create a detailed computer model of the human brain. With a budget of £1 billion, the project seeks to develop an "artificial brain" that could aid in treating neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease. So far, the project has successfully simulated the activity of around 10,000 neurons, equivalent to a single "new cortical unit" found in a mouse. These units are essential for rational thinking and are also present in the human brain, enabling advanced cognitive functions. As scientists continue to explore the role of LAMC3, they are one step closer to unlocking the mysteries of the human mind.

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July 20, 2025