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Analog electronic technology is a fundamental subject that every student majoring in electrical engineering and automation must master. This course plays a crucial role in shaping the professional knowledge of students, as it serves as the foundation for more advanced topics in electronics. Whether you are a young student or an experienced engineer, understanding analog electronics is essential, especially as you move into the workforce and encounter real-world applications of this knowledge.
The challenges in mastering analog electronics often stem from its abstract concepts and complex circuit behaviors. To overcome these difficulties, it’s important to approach the subject with a clear structure and a solid understanding of key principles. Below is a detailed breakdown of the main topics covered in the course, along with insights on how to effectively learn and apply them.
**First, the amplification circuit foundation**
This forms the basis of analog electronics. At the beginning of the course, students are introduced to various concepts such as semiconductor physics, PN junctions, and transistor behavior. It’s essential to slow down the pace initially to build a strong foundation in analysis and calculation. The physical principles behind semiconductors are typically covered in earlier courses like Physics and Chemistry, so this course should focus on applying those concepts rather than reteaching them. Emphasize the unidirectional conductivity of PN junctions, the current distribution in transistors, and the characteristics of diodes and transistors.
Understanding the three basic amplifier configurations—common-emitter, common-base, and common-collector—is critical. Pay special attention to the working principles of the common-emitter and common-collector circuits. Graphical analysis helps determine the static operating point, while the micro-variable equivalent circuit method is vital for analyzing voltage gain, input, and output resistances. Students should practice using H-parameters until they become second nature.
**Second, FET amplifier**
Field-effect transistors (FETs) are unipolar devices and play a significant role in modern analog circuits. Focus on the structure and operation of JFETs and MOSFETs, comparing their characteristics and biasing methods. Explain how FETs control current flow through voltage, and emphasize the importance of biasing circuits in ensuring stable operation. Use the micro-variable equivalent circuit method when analyzing parameters like gain and input/output resistance.
**Third, frequency characteristics and multi-stage amplifiers**
Understanding frequency response is crucial for designing practical amplifiers. Discuss how capacitors affect low-frequency and high-frequency performance, and introduce Bode plots as a tool for approximate analysis. When analyzing multi-stage amplifiers, highlight the impact of stage interactions on overall gain and bandwidth. Encourage students to grasp the relationship between the output resistance of one stage and the input resistance of the next.
**Fourth, feedback amplifier and sine wave oscillator**
Feedback is a core concept in electronic design. Start by introducing the idea of feedback through simple circuits, then move to general block diagrams and the classification of feedback types. Emphasize the benefits of negative feedback, such as improved stability and reduced distortion. For oscillators, focus on phase and amplitude balance conditions, and explain how different types of oscillators work, particularly RC and LC circuits.
**Fifth, power amplifier**
Power amplifiers deal with efficiency, power handling, and distortion. Explain the trade-offs between Class A, Class B, and Class AB amplifiers, and discuss the advantages of complementary symmetry configurations. Highlight the importance of thermal management and the use of composite transistors in high-power applications.
**Sixth, integrated operational amplifier and its application**
Operational amplifiers are central to analog electronics. Start with the ideal op-amp model, then delve into real-world characteristics and limitations. Teach students about the “virtual short†and “virtual break†concepts, which simplify the analysis of linear op-amp circuits. Cover common applications such as adders, integrators, and active filters, and explain how to choose the right op-amp based on technical specifications.
By following this structured approach, students can build a deep understanding of analog electronics and develop the skills needed to tackle real-world problems.
July 31, 2025