The robot is a typical mechatronic product, which is generally composed of a mechanical body , a control system, a sensor, and a driver. The mechanical body is the actuator that the robot performs the work. In order to accurately control the body, the sensor should provide information about the robot body or its environment. The control system generates command signals according to the control program. By controlling the motion coordinates of each joint, the end points of each arm are in accordance with the required trajectory, speed and Acceleration, reaching a specified position in space with a certain attitude. The driver converts the signal output by the control system into a high-power signal to drive the actuator to operate. Mechanical body The mechanical body is the actuator on which the robot relies to complete the task. Generally, it is a robot, also called an operator, or an operator, which can perform the operations specified by the control system in a certain environment. The mechanical body of a typical industrial robot is generally composed of a hand (end effector), a wrist, an arm, a waist, and a base. Robots often use articulated mechanical structures, typically with six degrees of freedom, three of which are used to determine the position of the end effector, and three are used to determine the direction (posture) of the end effector. The end effector on the robot arm can be replaced with a working tool such as a welding torch, a suction cup, and a wrench according to the operation. 2. Control System The control system is the command center of the robot, which is equivalent to the human brain function. It is responsible for processing the operation instruction information, internal and external environmental information, and making decisions according to the predetermined ontology model, environmental model and control program, and generating corresponding control signals. The actuator drives the various joints of the actuator to move in a desired sequence, along a determined position or trajectory, to complete a particular job. From the perspective of the composition of the control system, there are open-loop control systems and closed-loop control systems; from the control mode, there are program control systems, adaptive control systems and intelligent control systems. 3. Driver The drive is the power system of the robot, which is equivalent to the human cardiovascular system. It is generally composed of two parts: the drive unit and the transmission mechanism. The drive unit can be divided into three types: electric, hydraulic and pneumatic, depending on the driving method. The electric motor, the hydraulic cylinder and the cylinder in the driving device can be directly connected to the operating machine, or can be connected to the actuator through a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism usually has several types such as gear transmission, chain transmission, harmonic gear transmission, screw transmission and belt transmission. 4. sensor The sensor is the sensing system of the robot, which is equivalent to the human sensory organ. It is an important part of the robot system, including internal sensors and external sensors. The internal sensor is mainly used to detect the state of the robot itself, and provide necessary body state information such as position sensor and speed sensor for the motion control of the robot. The external sensor is used to sense the working environment or working condition of the robot, and can be divided into two types: environmental sensor and end effector sensor. The former is used to identify the object and the distance between the detected object and the robot. The latter is mounted on the end effector to detect the sensory information of the delicate work. Common external sensors are force sensors, tactile sensors, proximity sensors, vision sensors, and the like. Microwave PCB Microwave PCB Microwave PCB,Microwave Frequency PCB,Bare Copper Microwave PCB,High Frequency PCB Storm Circuit Technology Ltd , https://www.stormpcb.com
microwave PCB`s is a type of PCB designed to operate on signals in the megahertz to gigahertz frequency ranges (medium frequency to extremely high frequency). These frequency ranges are used for communication signals in everything from cellphones to military radars. The materials used to construct these PCB`s are advanced composites with very specific characteristics for dielectric constant (Er), loss tangent, and CTE (co-efficient of thermal expansion).
High frequency circuit materials with a low stable Er and loss tangent allow for high speed signals to travel through the PCB with less impedance than standard FR-4 PCB materials. These materials can be mixed in the same Stack-Up for optimal performance and economics.
The advantages of using materials with a low X, Y and Z CTE is a resulting PCB structure that will remain extremely stable in high temperature environments while operating at up to 40 GHz in analog applications. This allows for the effective placement of very fine pitch components including, in some cases, bare die-attach. Additionally, the low CTE materials will facilitate the alignment of multiple layers and the features they represent in a complex PCB Layout.
Features
.CTEr = +40/+50 ppm per °C (low); Tg (glass transition temperature) is 280°C
.ER = 3.38/3.48 at 10.0 GHz
.ER is constant to 40.0 GHz
.ED (electro-deposited) copper only
.Layer-to-layer thickness control = +/- 0.001
.Fabrication costs are typical to slightly increased
November 05, 2020