Three Phase UPS systems offer higher efficiency, reliability, and scalability compared to single-phase UPS. They are commonly used in data centers, industrial facilities, and critical infrastructure. Solar power protection, Three Phase Uninterruptible Power Supply, Three-phase power, Redundancy,Lithium battery backup Bosin Power Limited , https://www.bosinsolar.com
Features of the Three Phase UPS:
1. Scalability: The Three Phase UPS systems are highly scalable, allowing for easy expansion as the power requirements of the facility increase. This makes them suitable for both small and large-scale applications.
2. Redundancy: These UPS systems are equipped with redundant components, such as redundant power modules and redundant fans, to ensure uninterrupted power supply even in the event of a component failure.
3. High Efficiency: The Three Phase UPS systems are designed to operate at high efficiency levels, reducing energy consumption and minimizing operating costs. They often incorporate advanced technologies, such as double conversion topology and energy-saving modes, to achieve this.
4. Advanced Battery Management: These UPS systems come with advanced battery management features, including battery monitoring, temperature compensation, and automatic battery testing. This ensures the reliability and longevity of the battery system.
5. Remote Monitoring and Management: Many Three Phase UPS systems offer remote monitoring and management capabilities, allowing users to monitor the UPS status, perform diagnostics, and make configuration changes remotely. This improves the overall system management and reduces maintenance costs.
Performance of the Three Phase UPS:
1. Power Capacity: The Three Phase UPS systems are capable of handling high power capacities, typically ranging from a few kilowatts to several megawatts. This makes them suitable for powering critical equipment in data centers, manufacturing plants, hospitals, and other large-scale facilities.
2. Voltage Regulation: These UPS systems provide precise voltage regulation, ensuring a stable and clean power supply to the connected equipment. This helps in preventing equipment damage and data loss caused by voltage fluctuations and surges.
3. Fault Tolerance: The Three Phase UPS systems are designed with fault-tolerant features, such as redundant components and parallel operation capability. This ensures high availability and reliability of the power supply, even during maintenance or component failures.
4. Fast Switchover: In the event of a power outage or voltage disturbance, the Three Phase UPS systems provide fast switchover times, typically in milliseconds, to ensure seamless power transfer and uninterrupted operation of the connected equipment.
The Distributed Wireless Communication System (DWCS) leverages distributed antennas, decentralized processing control, and joint signal processing techniques to enhance both spectrum efficiency and power efficiency. This approach also increases system flexibility and scalability, making it well-suited for modern wireless communication demands.
The concept of network radio is integrated into the DWCS design. Network radio refers to a general-purpose computing platform composed of interconnected optical fiber-linked processors, forming a high-performance cluster capable of executing complex signal processing and control tasks. Similar to software-defined radios, this architecture offers a flexible structure, strong scalability, and faster computation speeds, which support higher network throughput.
In traditional software radio systems, general-purpose processors are often specialized devices such as DSPs or FPGAs. However, in the soft base station system described in this paper, a PC workstation is utilized as the signal processing unit. Table 1 provides a detailed comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of using DSP/FPGA versus PC workstations.
**Table 1: DSP and PC Workstation Performance Comparison**
The structure of this paper is organized as follows: First, the system architecture of the soft base station and its required hardware and software are introduced. Next, key challenges in the design and implementation of the soft base station are discussed, including network throughput, sub-module processing rates, and overall system performance. Finally, practical solutions and system performance analysis are presented.
### 1. Soft Base Station System Design
#### 1.1 System Block Diagram
The overall system framework is illustrated in Figure 1. The mobile station consists of a video terminal and a transmitter, while the base station comprises six receivers and a cluster of PC workstations. The camera captures real-time images, which are then processed by the transmitter and sent over the wireless channel. Upon receiving the signal, the base station's receivers transmit the data to the workstations for processing and finally display it at the terminal. In practice, the system is transparent to the type of data being transmitted, supporting not only video but also other forms of business data.
**Figure 1: System Structure Diagram**
#### 1.2 Computing Cluster Configuration
The computing cluster consists of two identical PC workstations. Each has an AMD Sempron 2500+ CPU (64-bit), 512MB DDR400 memory, and a 100Mbps network interface card. A 100Mbps network switch connects the workstations.
The software platform runs on Red Hat 9.0 with kernel version 2.4.20-8. To improve signal processing speed, some modules use Intel’s SSE and SSE2 instruction set optimizations, requiring a high-version compiler like GCC 3.3.1.
### 2. Key Problem Analysis and Performance Testing
#### 2.1 A/D Throughput Bottleneck
After RF signals are digitized by an A/D converter, the data volume becomes very large. For example, an 8-bit, 50MHz A/D produces a 400Mbps data rate. With six receivers operating simultaneously, the total data rate could reach up to 2.4Gbps, which is difficult for current networks to handle.
To address this, the system preprocesses the A/D data before sending it to the PC. Each receiver performs pre-processing, converting the RF signal to a baseband signal, thereby reducing the data rate. These receivers, based on FPGA, handle tasks such as digital down conversion, frame synchronization, AGC, and AFC.
By implementing this preprocessing, the data rate is reduced from 400Mbps to 3.25MB/s per antenna. With six antennas, the total rate is 19.5MB/s, which can be supported by existing network conditions.
**Figure 2: Signal Processing Module Logic Diagram**
The receiver handles initial signal processing, including A/D sampling and downconversion, while the rest of the processing occurs in the PC workstation cluster.
#### 2.2 Submodule Throughput Optimization
The signal processing modules handled by the PC workstation include channel quality estimation, single-carrier frequency domain equalization, descrambling, deinterleaving, and TPC decoding. Due to the limited computational power of PCs, some submodules may run too slowly, affecting overall system performance. Therefore, optimizing the throughput of each submodule is critical during the design phase.
Table 2 shows the maximum throughput of each main module. During testing, only one module was run at a time to measure peak performance. From the table, Ethernet reception, channel quality estimation, and single-carrier frequency domain equalization achieve high speeds of up to 12MB/s, while TPC decoding is slower, reaching only 3.5MB/s. It is expected that TPC decoding will become the bottleneck when all modules are connected.
**Table 2: Maximum Rate of Each Submodule (MB/s)**
Although TPC decoding is slower than other modules, it still exceeds the chip rate of 1.625MB/s. All modules operate above the chip rate, meeting the design requirements.
For submodules with low throughput, two possible solutions exist:
1. Improve program efficiency, such as optimizing data stream processing using the Pentium instruction sets SSE and SSE2.
2. Reduce runtime by splitting modules. By dividing time-consuming modules into smaller ones and distributing them across multiple PCs, the processing speed can be increased.
#### 2.3 System Operating Rate
The system’s operating rate is typically lower than the highest sub-module rate due to resource constraints. During operation, each module consumes limited CPU and memory resources, and data transfer and synchronization between modules further reduce efficiency.
Table 3 shows the measured system throughput when all modules are working together. The system includes four main modules: channel quality estimation, single-carrier frequency domain equalization, and TPC decoding. During testing, these modules were assigned to two PCs in different combinations.
**Table 3: Workstation Throughput Test**
An optimal allocation strategy involves running TPC decoding on a single PC, while assigning the remaining modules to another. This setup allows the system to reach a throughput of 3.01 MB/s. Since TPC decoding is the most computationally intensive, dedicating a PC to it ensures better performance and improves the overall system speed.
To maximize system speed, more resources should be allocated to complex modules. Additionally, placing adjacent modules on the same PC reduces network overhead caused by data transmission.
### Summary and Outlook
This paper thoroughly discusses the challenges in designing the DWCS soft base station, presents a solution, and evaluates the system's performance through testing. The final system achieves a relatively high signal processing rate of 3.0 MB/s, meeting the design requirements.
The author of this paper brings innovation by studying the characteristics of the new wireless communication system, DWCS, and implementing PC workstations in the base station for the first time. The research and discussion on the design and implementation of the soft base station, along with the development and testing of a complete DWCS communication system, have significant implications for the advancement of the DWCS system.
August 29, 2025