Datang Mobile 5G large-scale multi-antenna test solution

With the official release of the 3GPP 5G standard NSA solution, the development of 5G NR-based commercial products has accelerated rapidly. 2018 marked a crucial year for 5G standardization and product development. At that time, 5G was in a critical phase of standardization, with 3GPP aiming to finalize the first version of the 5G SA standard by June of that year. China had initiated 5G R&D and testing as early as 2016, entering its third phase of trials and working towards bringing 5G system equipment to a pre-commercial stage. One of the key technologies driving 5G is large-scale multi-antenna technology. This approach uses massive antenna arrays—often hundreds of antennas—to significantly enhance wireless data traffic and connection reliability. Compared to traditional single or dual-polarized antennas and 4/8-channel systems, large-scale antenna technology improves spectral efficiency and energy utilization through multiple dimensions such as space, time, and frequency. Techniques like 3D beam shaping and channel estimation allow the system to adaptively adjust the phase and power of each antenna element, improving beam accuracy and reducing interference while boosting signal strength for specific users. Evaluating large-scale multi-antenna technology involves various test indicators and methods, from protocol design to algorithm performance and system verification. It’s essential to assess how these systems perform in different deployment scenarios, ensuring reliable and efficient operation. With its strong foundation in 5G technology and testing, Datang Mobile has made significant progress in developing comprehensive testing solutions for large-scale multi-antenna systems. In terms of protocol design testing, the 5G NR protocol defines different downlink pilots and DMRSs to improve coverage and support precoding. The same principles apply to uplink channels. As the number of antennas increases, control channel coverage becomes a bottleneck, prompting the use of beam scanning techniques for enhanced coverage. Testing strategies include evaluating pilot overhead, codebook accuracy, and beam management under various user conditions. Key algorithm performance tests focus on antenna calibration, interference suppression, and multi-user pairing. These tests ensure accurate beamforming, minimal interference, and optimal resource allocation. For large-scale antenna systems, OTA (Over-The-Air) testing is essential, especially for millimeter wave frequencies where traditional conduction methods are no longer sufficient. Different deployment scenarios, such as macro, micro, and high-rise coverage, require tailored testing approaches. Field and lab environments simulate real-world conditions, including user density, movement speed, and propagation types. These tests help verify system performance across various applications. As networks evolve, large-scale active multi-antenna systems will become the norm. Integrated testing and air interface testing will shape future testing trends. With its expertise in 5G technology and testing, Datang Mobile continues to drive the rapid advancement of 5G globally.

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