Datang Mobile 5G large-scale multi-antenna test solution

With the official release of the 3GPP 5G standard NSA solution, the development of 5G NR-related commercial products has accelerated rapidly. 2018 marked a crucial year for 5G standardization and the advancement of commercial solutions. At this stage, 5G is in a critical phase of standardization, with 3GPP expected to finalize the first version of the 5G SA standard by June. China began its 5G R&D and testing in early 2016, now entering the third phase of trials, aiming to bring 5G system equipment to pre-commercial readiness. One of the key technologies driving 5G is large-scale multi-antenna technology, which significantly enhances wireless data traffic and connection reliability by using massive antenna arrays—often hundreds of antennas or more—at base stations. Compared to traditional single/dual-polarized or 4/8-channel antennas, this technology improves spectral and energy efficiency across multiple dimensions, such as space, time, and frequency. Techniques like 3D beam shaping and channel estimation allow for adaptive adjustment of each antenna element’s phase and power, improving beam pointing accuracy and reducing interference while boosting signal strength for targeted users. Evaluating large-scale multi-antenna technology involves various test indicators and methods, from protocol design to overall system performance and mass production verification. Different scenarios also require specific validation approaches. With its deep expertise in 5G technology and testing, Datang Mobile has made significant progress in large-scale antenna testing. **Protocol Design Testing** In 5G NR, different downlink pilots are used across transport channels to improve coverage performance. DMRSs and CSI-RSs are defined for user-specific channel quality measurement and precoding. The same principle applies to uplink channels, where DMRS and SRS are used for similar purposes. However, as the number of antennas increases, control channel coverage becomes a bottleneck. To address this, the NR system introduces enhanced beam scanning techniques. Beam management and tracking require careful selection of beam width and frequency. Verifying codebook usage under varying conditions ensures minimal pilot overhead and optimal spectrum efficiency. Datang Mobile has developed effective testing strategies for these challenges. **Key Algorithm Performance Testing** Large-scale multi-antenna systems involve research into antenna architecture, physical layer signal detection, MU-MIMO pairing algorithms, and resource allocation strategies. As antenna numbers grow, channel orthogonality increases, enabling efficient MU-MIMO. The core of this lies in accurate channel estimation and user pairing. Testing includes antenna calibration, interference suppression, and multi-user pairing performance under different motion speeds and user densities. **Overall System Performance Testing** For large-scale active antenna systems, OTA (Over-The-Air) testing is essential, especially for millimeter wave bands where traditional conduction methods fall short. OTA tests verify system performance under real-world conditions, ensuring optimized service delivery with multiple users in various scenarios. Production testing also relies on OTA methods, including radiation, beam, and transceiver function tests, to ensure product quality efficiently and cost-effectively. **Performance Testing in Different Scenarios** Deployment scenarios include macro, micro, and high-rise coverage. Each presents unique challenges, such as high user density in hotspots or vertical coverage in urban areas. Field testing and lab simulations help validate performance across different environments, ensuring robust coverage and service quality. As networks evolve, large-scale active multi-antenna systems will dominate future development. Integrated testing and air interface testing will shape the next generation of 5G solutions. With its strong 5G R&D and testing capabilities, Datang Mobile remains committed to advancing 5G technology and accelerating its global adoption.

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