Maintenance of electrical equipment in high voltage distribution systems

As China's national economic development accelerates and the gross national product (GDP) continues to grow, it reflects not only the country's overall economic strength but also the expansion of its industrial enterprises. The structure of power systems within these enterprises is gradually becoming more sophisticated. When high-voltage electrical equipment is in operation, ensuring its reliable performance is a critical concern for all staff members. This paper explores the essential measures that should be taken during the maintenance and inspection of electrical equipment, aiming to support the continued growth and efficiency of enterprises. **I. Introduction** The production and operations of various factories in China heavily rely on large-scale electrical and mechanical equipment. Given the diversity in types and quality of such equipment, maintaining and managing them is both a professional and complex task. In real-world operations, the maintenance process becomes even more challenging, requiring personnel to possess deep technical knowledge and a thorough understanding of the equipment’s condition. This ensures that maintenance efforts are efficient, scientific, and goal-oriented, ultimately contributing to the smooth operation of high-voltage electrical equipment. **II. Operational and Maintenance Requirements of High-Voltage Power Distribution Systems** The components of a high-voltage power distribution system include metal fittings, insulators, bus bars, lightning arresters, voltage and current transformers, isolating switches, and high-voltage circuit breakers. Under normal operation, these devices must function seamlessly to ensure effective power distribution. Effective maintenance plays a crucial role in keeping the system running smoothly. Key requirements include: - Implementing SCADA data monitoring to ensure operational parameters remain within acceptable limits. - Using DSM and LM to optimize load curves and prevent overloads that could lead to constraint violations. - Utilizing DMS to manage voltage and reactive power optimization, reducing network losses and improving system stability. - Conducting mechanical calculations under different stress and weather conditions to ensure safety margins are maintained. Regular maintenance must be designed and executed with the system’s reliability in mind, while also considering the need for comprehensive and reasonable maintenance plans. **III. Maintenance and Inspection of Electrical Equipment** The proper functioning of electrical equipment is closely tied to regular maintenance and inspections. Early detection of potential issues can significantly reduce downtime and economic losses, thereby enhancing the overall profitability of the enterprise. 1. **Routine Inspection**: Regular checks based on a predefined schedule help identify early signs of failure. These inspections involve visual checks of high-voltage equipment, focusing on identifying any hidden dangers or abnormal conditions. By following standardized procedures, inspectors can quickly detect faults and improve inspection efficiency. 2. **Periodic Inspection**: This involves detailed checks of specific parts of the equipment at set intervals to identify and resolve defects before they escalate. It allows maintenance teams to address issues proactively, ensuring that equipment continues to operate without interruption. **IV. Equipment Parameter Monitoring** During maintenance, it is essential to check both external and internal parameters of the equipment. Parameters such as temperature, cooling functions, transformer winding temperatures, and switch functionality must be monitored to ensure safe and efficient operation. Dual power supplies are often required for critical loads, and regular testing of transformers is necessary. Any deviation from standard parameters should be addressed promptly to avoid accumulating faults. **V. Precautions in High-Voltage Equipment Maintenance** Maintaining high-voltage equipment involves two main aspects: implementing maintenance procedures based on equipment operation and monitoring the equipment’s condition through on-duty personnel. 1. **Improve Maintenance Procedures**: Before disassembling faulty equipment, it is important to understand the cause of the fault. Cleaning contact points and checking for malfunctions can often resolve many common issues. After excluding external faults, internal components should be carefully inspected. 2. **Focus on Failure Consequences**: Different failures have varying impacts on equipment performance. Understanding the severity of each issue helps determine the most appropriate repair strategy. Staff should aim to eliminate or minimize the consequences of failures through proactive maintenance. 3. **Repair or Replace Components**: Some components may need to be replaced based on their age and reliability. However, unnecessary replacements should be avoided unless they contribute to improved performance. Over-replacement can lead to additional problems. 4. **Maintenance, Cleaning, and Inspection**: As automation increases, direct visual inspections become less frequent. However, careful attention to component performance—such as oil leaks, missing pins, or thermal discoloration—is still essential. These small details can indicate larger issues if overlooked. **5. Safety Management of Electrical Equipment** 1. **Regular Maintenance**: Consistent maintenance is vital for preventing unexpected failures. Negligence in this area can lead to serious accidents, so it is crucial to implement a structured maintenance plan. 2. **Implement a Responsibility System**: Assigning clear roles and responsibilities to operators, inspectors, and maintenance staff helps ensure accountability. Proper rewards and penalties encourage better performance and promote a culture of responsibility. 3. **Enhance Training for Maintenance Personnel**: Continuous education and training improve the skills and awareness of maintenance staff. Encouraging personal development through competitions and awards can enhance both individual and team performance. 4. **Complete Maintenance Procedures**: A well-documented and organized maintenance process ensures consistency and transparency. Different personnel should handle various stages of maintenance to avoid confusion and maintain high standards. **Conclusion** Effective management and maintenance of high-voltage equipment are essential for the smooth operation of enterprises. Strengthening investment in maintenance, improving training, and refining procedures will help address current challenges. By setting clear objectives and adopting scientific methods, enterprises can ensure the long-term reliability and efficiency of their electrical systems, ultimately supporting sustainable growth.

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