The 1602 uses a standard 14-pin interface, where: Pin 1: VSS is ground power Pin 2: VDD is connected to 5V positive power Pin 3: V0 is the contrast adjustment terminal of the liquid crystal display. When the positive power supply is connected, the contrast is the weakest. When the power supply is grounded, the contrast is the highest. When the contrast is too high, “ghosting†occurs. When using it, a 10K potentiometer can be used to adjust the contrast. Pin 4: RS is the register selection. Select the data register at high level and select the instruction register at low level. Pin 5: RW is the read/write signal line, read operation is performed at high level, and write operation is performed at low level. When RS and RW are both at a low level, an instruction or display address can be written. When RS is low and RW is high, a busy signal can be read. When RS is high, RW is low, data can be written. Pin 6: The E-side is the enable end. When the E-side transitions from high to low, the LCD module executes the command. 7th to 14th feet: D0~D7 are 8-bit bidirectional data lines. In addition, the pins “A†and “K†are backlight pins, “A†is connected positively, and “K†is connected negatively to light the backlight. The 1602 liquid crystal module internal character generator memory (CGROM) has stored 160 different dot matrix character patterns, as shown in Table 1, these characters are: Arabic numerals, English capitals, common symbols, and Japanese pseudonyms, etc. Each character has a fixed code. For example, if the capital letter "A" is 01000001B (41H), the module displays the dot character pattern in address 41H, and we can see the letter "A". †There are 11 control commands for the controller inside the 1602 LCD module, as shown in Table 2. Its read and write operations, screen and cursor operations are all achieved through instruction programming. (Note: 1 is high and 0 is low) Instruction 1: Clear display, instruction code 01H, cursor reset to location 00H Instruction 2: The cursor is reset and the cursor returns to address 00H Command 3: Cursor and Display Mode I/D: Cursor movement direction, high right shift, low level left shift S: Whether the whole text on the screen moves to the left or right. High level means valid, low level is invalid Instruction 4: Display switch control. D: Control the overall display on and off, high level indicates open display, low level indicates off display C: control cursor on and off, high level indicates cursor, low level indicates no cursor B: control cursor is Flashing, high flash, low flash Command 5: Cursor or display shift S/C: Moves the displayed text when it is high, and moves the cursor when it is low Command 6: Function setting command DL: 4-bit bus at high level, 8-bit bus at low level, N-bit display at low level, and single-line display at low level. When the level is high, double-line display F: low-level display 5x7 dot matrix characters. Display 5x10 dot matrix characters at high level Instruction 7: Character Generator RAM Address Setting Instruction 8: DDRAM address setting Instruction 9: Read busy signal and cursor address BF: busy flag, high indicates busy, the module cannot receive commands or data at this time, if it is low, it indicates that it is not busy. Command 10: Write data Command 11: Reading data The liquid crystal display module is a slow display device. Therefore, before executing each instruction, it is necessary to confirm that the busy flag of the module is low, indicating that it is not busy, otherwise the instruction is invalid. To display characters, first enter the display character address, which is to tell the module where to display characters. Table 3 is the internal display address of the DM-162. For example, if the address of the first character in the second line is 40H, then whether to directly write 40H can position the cursor at the position of the first character in the second line? This will not work, because writing the display address requires the highest bit D7 to always be high, so the actual data that should be written should be 01000000B(40H)+10000000B(80H)=11000000B(C0H) RSEQUP3.7 RWEQUP3.6 EEQUP3.5 Movp3, #0ffh MOVP1, #01H; Clear Screen ACALLENABLE MOVP1, #38H; 8 bit matrix ACALLENABLE MOVP1, #0FH; On Display ACALLENABLE MOVP1, #06H; Move the cursor ACALLENABLE MOVP1, #80H; Display position ACALLENABLE L3:movp1,#01h Acallenable Movdptr, #table1; send first sentence Callwrite1 Callenable MOVP1, #0C0H; Write display start address (first position in second row) ACALLENABLE; Call Write Command Subroutine Callwrite1 Callenable Movp1, #01h Calldelay1 Calldelay1 Calldelay1 Jmpl3 ENABLE:; send command CLRRS CLRRW CLRE ACALLDELAY SETBE RET Write1:; send the string Movr1, #00h A1:mova,r1 Movca, @a+dptr Callwrite2 Incr1 Cjnea, #00h, a1; 00H end of the string Ret Write2:;Send a single character Movp1,a Setbrs Clrrw Clre Calldelay Setbe Ret Delay:; delay subroutine Movr7, #255 D1:movr6,#255 D2:djnzr6,d2 Djnzr7,d1 Ret Delay1: Movr7, #255 Delay2:movr6,#255 Djnzr6,$ Djnzr7,delay2 Ret Each of the following forms is a sentence, with 00H as the end of each sentence. Table1: db20h, 20h, 20h, 57h, 45h, 4ch, 43h, 4fh, 4dh, 45h, 20h, 54h, 4fh, 20h, 20h, 20h, 20h, 00h Table2: db20h, 57h, 57h, 57h, 2Eh, 4dh, 43h, 55h, 39h, 39h, 2Eh, 43h, 4Fh, 4Dh, 20h, 20h, 20h, 00h End
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May 28, 2025