The core of the smart grid is to build an intelligent network system with multiple energy integration and distributed management with intelligent judgment and adaptive adjustment capabilities. It can monitor and collect the power and information of the power grid and users in real time, and adopt the most economical and most The safe transmission and distribution method delivers electric energy to the end users, achieving optimal allocation and utilization of electric energy, improving the reliability and energy utilization efficiency of the grid operation. There are many types of distributed power supplies (DER), including small hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic power, fuel cells, and energy storage devices (such as flywheels, supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage, flow batteries, and sodium-sulfur batteries). In general, its capacity ranges from 1 kW to 10 MW. The DER in the distribution network is widely used because it is close to the load center, reduces the need for power grid expansion, and improves the reliability of power supply. In particular, distributed renewable energy, which contributes to the reduction of the greenhouse effect, has grown rapidly with the strong support of many national government policies. Currently, in several countries in Northern Europe, DER has a power generation share of more than 30%. In the United States, DER currently accounts for only 7% of total capacity, and it is expected that by 2020 this share will reach 25%. A large number of distributed power supplies operate on medium or low voltage distribution networks, completely changing the characteristics of the traditional power distribution system unidirectional current, requiring the system to use new protection schemes, voltage control and instrumentation to meet the needs of two-way power flow. However, the seamless integration of these distributed power sources into the grid and coordinated operation through advanced automation systems can bring huge benefits. In addition to saving investment in the transmission grid, it can improve the reliability and efficiency of the whole system, provide emergency power and peak load power support to the grid, and other auxiliary service functions, such as reactive power support, power quality improvement, etc.; It also provides great flexibility for system operation. For example, in storms and snow and ice, when the large power grid is severely damaged, these distributed power sources can form silos or microgrids to provide emergency power to important users such as hospitals, transportation hubs and broadcast television. Double-sided PCBs are one of the most common kinds available. While single-sided PCBs have one conductive surface, double-sided PCBs have a conductive layer on each side. A dielectric layer is surrounded by circuit copper layers and solder mask on both sides. Vias allow manufacturers to create traces on both sides that route around each other and connect between layers. Manufacturers use double-sided PCBs for products that need a beginner to intermediate level of circuit complexity. This type of PCB doesn`t offer as much circuit complexity or density as multilayer PCBs, but they work as an affordable option in numerous applications Double-Sided PCB, Double-Sided PCB With Enig Via In Pad PCB, FR4 PCB With Matt Black Soldermask Storm Circuit Technology Ltd , http://www.stormpcb.com
September 13, 2019