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The wind pendulum system is a control mechanism that uses wind as its power source to regulate the position of an object. Although there are no commercialized products available in China, this control theory has found applications across various fields. One of the main challenges today is the limited level of automation in wind pendulum systems.
The system comprises several key components: a microcontroller module, a posture acquisition module, a wind pendulum module, a display module, independent buttons, and a mechanical structure. This article will focus on the mechanical design of the wind pendulum and the selection and arrangement of fans.
**Fan Combination**
1. **Using Two DC Fans:**
The two DC fans are directly mounted beneath the swing bar in a crossed configuration. This setup simplifies the system and reduces the load, allowing each fan to control movement along one axis. However, this method makes it difficult to manage the pendulum’s state or achieve rapid braking.
2. **Using Four DC Fans:**
In this configuration, four fans are arranged in a cross shape using two rectangular plastic plates. Each axis is controlled by two fans, which allows for better acceleration and quick braking. This design makes it easier to meet the system’s performance requirements.
In conclusion, due to its superior control and faster response, the four-fan setup was chosen for the final design.
**Fan Selection**
The system uses a hollow-cup motor, a type of DC permanent magnet motor known for its efficiency and precision. It is also classified as a micro motor. The hollow-cup motor features high energy efficiency, fast response, and stable operation, making it ideal for control systems. Unlike traditional motors, it uses a coreless rotor, reducing energy loss and improving performance.
Key advantages include:
1. **Energy Efficiency:** Maximum efficiency can exceed 90%, compared to 30–50% for conventional motors.
2. **Control Characteristics:** Fast start-up, braking, and speed adjustment, with mechanical time constants as low as 1 millisecond.
3. **Stability:** Minimal speed fluctuation (within 2%) and compact size, making it ideal for space-sensitive applications.
**Power Supply**
1. **Single Power Supply:**
While easy to implement, this setup may cause voltage fluctuations during motor operation, potentially damaging the circuit if not properly managed.
2. **Dual Power Supply:**
This approach separates the power for the motor and the control board, enhancing stability. The motor is powered through a controllable module, while the main control unit uses another power source. This ensures safer and more reliable system performance.
Based on the above, the dual power supply solution was selected for its enhanced safety and stability.
**Mechanical Structure**
The final mechanical design features a triangular beam structure, with a universal joint fixed at the top arm. A carbon fiber rod is used as the pendulum rod due to its strength and light weight, which reduces the overall load and improves responsiveness. Four fans are arranged in a cross shape beneath the rod, with fans 1 and 3 controlling lateral movement and fans 2 and 4 adjusting the direction of the swing. A gyroscope is placed above the fans to monitor motion, and a laser pointer is installed below the pendulum for alignment purposes.
August 19, 2025