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The wind pendulum system is a control mechanism that utilizes wind as its power source to regulate the position of an object. Although there are no commercialized products available in China, the underlying control theory has been widely applied across various fields. One of the main challenges today is the limited level of automation in such systems.
The system consists of several key components: a microcontroller unit, a posture acquisition module, a wind pendulum module, a display unit, independent buttons, and a mechanical structure designed for swinging. This article will focus on the mechanical design of the wind pendulum and the selection and configuration of the fans used.
**Fan Configuration**
1. **Using Two DC Fans:**
In this setup, two DC fans are directly mounted beneath the swing bar in a crossed arrangement. This method is lightweight and simple to operate, with each fan responsible for controlling movement along one axis. However, it is difficult to achieve precise control over the pendulum’s position or rapid braking due to the limited number of fans.
2. **Using Four DC Fans:**
A more advanced approach involves arranging four DC fans in a cross shape using two rectangular plastic plates. Each axis is controlled by two fans, allowing for better acceleration and faster braking. This configuration provides greater flexibility and precision, making it ideal for meeting the system's performance requirements.
In conclusion, due to the improved control and responsiveness, the four-fan configuration is chosen for this system.
**Fan Selection**
The system employs a hollow-cup motor, which is a type of DC permanent magnet motor known for its high efficiency and control accuracy. Unlike traditional motors with iron cores, the hollow-cup motor uses a coreless rotor, significantly reducing energy loss and improving performance.
Key advantages of the hollow-cup motor include:
- **Energy Efficiency:** It can achieve up to 90% efficiency, compared to around 50% for conventional motors.
- **Control Performance:** It offers fast response times, with some models capable of reacting in less than 1 millisecond.
- **Stability:** The speed fluctuation is minimal, typically within 2%, ensuring smooth operation.
These features make the hollow-cup motor an excellent choice for applications requiring high precision and quick adjustments.
**Power Supply**
A dual power supply system is used to ensure stability. The motor drive circuit and the control board are powered separately, preventing interference and voltage fluctuations. An optocoupler is used between the two circuits to isolate them and protect the main system from damage.
- **Single Power Supply:** While easy to implement, it may cause instability due to current fluctuations during motor rotation.
- **Dual Power Supply:** Separating the power sources ensures better performance and reliability, making it the preferred choice.
**Mechanical Structure**
The final mechanical design features a triangular beam structure. A universal joint is fixed at the top, connecting to a free-swinging rod made of carbon fiber. This material is strong yet lightweight, reducing the overall load and enabling faster motion. Four fans are arranged in a cross below the swing rod.
- Fans 1 and 3 adjust the pendulum’s position perpendicular to the direction of motion, keeping it within acceptable limits.
- Fans 2 and 4 operate at different speeds to guide the pendulum in the desired direction.
A gyroscope is placed above the fan to monitor the pendulum’s movement, while a laser pointer is positioned directly below the swinging rod to provide visual feedback.
This combination of mechanical design and control systems ensures the wind pendulum operates efficiently and accurately.
August 19, 2025